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Aerial burst pepper rounds are 37mm munitions that detonate above a crowd to disperse OC agent over a wide area, giving officers a way to break up a group without moving into direct contact.  Instead of relying on a single stream aimed at one person, the round travels downrange, bursts at a set point above…

When people ask, "how does pepper spray work?" the answer lies in its ability to trigger an immediate inflammatory reaction in the eyes, skin, and airways through capsaicin, the compound extracted from chili peppers that gives OC spray its bite.  Within seconds of contact, the eyes clamp shut, the skin burns, and breathing becomes labored,…

What are rubber bullets? They are kinetic impact projectiles built from rubber, foam, or composite materials and fired from 12-gauge, or 37 mm platforms. They are designed to deliver blunt impact rather than penetrate the target.  What are rubber bullets? They are kinetic impact projectiles built from rubber, foam, or a composite materials , fired…

By combining planning, communication, and specialized less-lethal tools, officers can create safe distances that support both public safety and operational control. Area denial refers to preventing people from entering or remaining in a restricted location during an operation.  It is commonly used during demonstrations, emergency response incidents, major public events, and other situations where maintaining…

Less-lethal crowd control equipment gives police, corrections, and military agencies a way to manage crowds, disperse unlawful assemblies, and control disturbances without moving directly to lethal force.  The category includes distraction devices, kinetic impact munitions, chemical irritant rounds, aerial burst grenades, and the launchers used to deploy them. Agencies choose among these tools based on…

Flashbang grenades for law enforcement are less-lethal distraction devices that release a brief, intense flash of light and a loud bang to disorient a subject for a few seconds, giving officers a safer window to gain control of a room or situation.  The device is built around a pyrotechnic charge housed in a vented casing,…

Crowd control equipment refers to the specialized tools and devices law enforcement agencies use to manage crowds, reduce the risk of violence, protect officers and civilians, and restore order when situations become unsafe.  These tools range from personal protective equipment and barriers to kinetic impact projectiles, chemical irritant weapons, and other less-lethal crowd dispersal tools. …

Oleoresin capsicum, commonly called OC or pepper spray, is a naturally derived chemical agent made from capsaicin, the compound that gives chilli peppers their heat.  In law enforcement settings, it is used to gain compliance, create distance, and support crowd dispersal efforts without relying on higher levels of force.  As a chemical irritant, less-lethal munition,…

Deployment goals, target distance, and precision all matter when comparing rubber buckshot vs rubber slug in the field. Both options are designed as less-lethal munitions for law enforcement, corrections, and security applications, but they perform very differently.  Rubber buckshot fires multiple projectiles that spread after leaving the barrel, while a rubber slug launches a single…

How do rubber bullets work? Rubber bullets work by delivering a powerful impact that causes pain and temporary incapacitation without the penetrating damage of live ammunition. If you've ever heard the term "rubber bullet," you've probably wondered how something made of rubber can stop a person. Are they actually safe? Can they still cause injuries?…